Unit9、
. Metaphor:
Mark Twain --- Mirror of America saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...
main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up... Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsam When railroads began drying up the demand... ...the epidemic of gold and silver fever... Twain began digging his way to regional fame...
Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles... ...took unholy verbal shots... Simile:
Most American remember M. T. as the father of... ...a memory that seemed phonographic Hyperbole:
...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom... The cast of characters... - a cosmos. Parallelism:
Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. Personification:
life dealt him profound personal tragedies... the river had acquainted him with ... ...to literature's enduring gratitude...
...an entry that will determine his course forever... the grave world smiles as usual... Bitterness fed on the man... America laughed with him.
Personal tragedy haunted his entire life. Antithesis:
...between what people claim to be and what they really are.. ...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...
...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever
Euphemism:
...men's final release from earthly struggle Alliteration:
...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home ...with a dash and daring...
...a recklessness of cost or consequences... Metonymy:
...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe Synecdoche
1. Keelboats,...carried the first major commerce
Unit10
1. Metaphor:
No one,... that may case would snowball into... ...our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere. The street ...sprouted with ...
He thundered in his sonorous organ tones. ...champion had not scorched the infidels...
…after the preliminary sparring over legalities… 2. Simile:
...swept the arena like a prairie fire ...a palm fan like a sword... 3. Metonymy
...tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers... The Christian believes that man came from above. ...below. 4. Hyperbole:
The trial that rocked the world
His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world. 5. Ridicule:
Bryan, aging and paunchy, was assisted ... Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence. 6. Sarcasm:
There is some doubt about that. And it is a mighty strong combination. 7. Transferred epithet
Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.
8. Antithesis The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.
9. Assonance: when bigots lighted faggots to burn...押韵 10. Repetition: The truth always wins...the truth...the truth... 11. synecdoche the case had erupted round my head
12. oxymoron (矛盾修饰法) Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a , “victorious defeat”
Unit 11
1. Personification:
The storm...that greeted...
An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a disappointment... The Yew York Times, ...felt it The Journal ...saw... 2. Alliteration:
...very little light on Lincoln...on Life alliteration and sarcasm 3. Sarcasm: irony
a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life.
...\"so simple\" a thing that the writer takes plain, downright, man-in-the-street attitude that a door is a door and any damn fool knows that. 4. Assonance:
difference between the much-touted ... and the much clouted ... 5. Synecdoche:
But neither his vanity nor his purse is ...
What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges...
6. Metonymy
The Washington Post, ...\"keep Your Old Webster's\"
in short, ...written in the language that the 3rd International describes... ...very little light on Lincoln...on Life
7. Zeugma: a figure of speech in which a word applies to two others in different senses (e.g. John and his driving licence expired last week) or to two others of which it semantically suits only one (e.g. with weeping eyes and hearts). Compare with syllepsis. (语)轭式搭配法（一种修辞手段，指将一个动词与两个不同的名词或代词等搭配使同一个动词具有不同意义，如在John and his driving licence expired last week中的动词expired；或指将一个形容词与两个不同的名词搭配，在词义上该形容词虽仅适合于其中之一，但另一搭配可产生不同的联想意义，如在with weeping eyes and hearts中）。
The issue of New York Times …hail the Second as the authority… and the Third as a scandal…
To wage war and peace
He lost his hat and his temper.
Miss Bolo went home in a flood of tears and a sedan chair. With weeping eyes and hearts 8. metaphor
Life called it a “non-word deluge” Modern linguistics gets its charter from Leonard Bloomfield’s language (1933) But if so, he has walked into one of lexicography’s biggest booby traps And, sure enough, in the definition which raised the Post’s blood pressure
Unit12 1 Metaphor
You could look out the windows and see, through the filigree of the spruce trees, the water glistening greenly as the sun caught it.(p209)
It seemed to me that Piquette must be in some way a daughter of the forest, … (p210) I tried another line. (p211)
At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon. (p213) simile 2 personification
The two grey squirrels were still there, gossiping…
The news that somehow had not found its way into letters. 3 transferred epithet
All around, the spruce trees grew tall and close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky which was lightened by a cold flickering of stars.
I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendency to look the other way. My brother, Roderick, who had not been born when we were here last summer, sat on the car rug in the sunshine and examined a brown spruce core, meticulously turning it round and round in his small and curious hands. 3
4 metonymy Those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home. (our modern civilization) 5 synecdoche the damn bone’s flared up again
6 Hyperbole … her grimy cotton dresses that were always miles too long. (p207) …those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world
