2021-2022学年江苏省扬州市第六高级中学高二英语下学期期末试卷含解析

一、 选择题

1. —Thanks for your help, but can you do me one more favor, please? — ________, Sir. What’s it then?

A. Just a minute B. My pleasure C. That’s right D. At your service

参：

D

2. It has been announced recently that all the schools________ not have the students attend school if the students have high temperatures.

A．need B．shall C．could D．ought to 参： B

3. Among the young people, there is a growing tendency ______ money more highly than the quality of life.

A. regarding B. to regarding C. to regard D. regarded 参：

C

4. We must be practical and ______ the cost ______ we make a decision. A turn out, before B work out, before C figure out, until D come true, until 参： B 略

5. The teacher glanced _________ this student who was busy________ a picture. A. to; drawing B. at; draw

C. at; drawing D. at; to draw

参：

C6. It was on July 28, 1976 __________ Tangshan earthquake happened. A. what B. when C. which D. that

参：

D

7. It___________last night,for the ground is wet outside.

A .would be raining B. would have rained C. must rain D. must have rained 参： D 略

8. Tom’s teacher wasn’t satisfied with his explanation of leaving school without asking for leave, ___________.

A. his parents were neither B. neither were his parents C. his parents were either D. either were his parents

参： B

27. The poor man , ________，ran out of the dark cave.

A. tiring and frightened B. tired and frightened C. tired and frightening D. tiring and frightening

参：

B

略

10. ---It’s suggested that we put on a short play at the party.

---_________.

A. It doesn't matter B. That’s all right C. You’re welcome D. No problem 参：

D

11. On the top of the hill________where the old man once lived.

A．a temple stands there B．a temple standing C．does a temple stand D．stands a temple 参： D

12. I came here to turn to you for help.

A．particularly B．specially C．especially D．in particular

参：

B

13. It is said that the library being built at present will be what it used to be. A. twice as big as B. twice big than C. twice as much as D. twice much than

参：

A

14. A tourist guide is necessary when you are traveling in this big city. you might lose your way. A. Therefore B. However C. Moreover D. Otherwise

参：

D

15. ________ is now no ________ that global warming is a security threat to us all. A. There; doubt B. There; need

C. It; doubt

D. It; need

参：

A

句意：毋庸置疑，全球变暖对我们所有人的安全来说是一个威胁。There is no doubt that ...“毫无疑问……”，为固定搭配，符合句意。There is no need to do“做某事是没有必要的”。

16. I think the new manager will have a wonderful time in the holiday _______ so many difficult problems settled during this period of time. A. because B. for C. with D. as 参： C

二、 新的题型

17. 71． You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so. However, anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to. Here is how：

Plan your time carefully. When planning your work, you should make a list of things that you have to do. After making this list. you should make a schedule of your time. First your time for eating, sleeping, dressing, etc. Then decide a good, regular time for studying. 72． A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems, but it will force you realize what is happening to your time.

Find a good place to study. Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of eeverything but study materials. No games, radios, or television. When you sit down to study, concentrate on the subject.

Make good use of your time in class. 73． Listening carefully in class means less work later. Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.

Study regularly. When you get home from school, go over your notes, review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day, read that material. 74． If you do these things regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you’ll remember it longer.

Develop a good attitude towards tests. The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. They help you remember your new knowledge. The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test, so don’t be over worried.

75． You will probably discover many others after you have tried these. A. This will help you understand the next class.

B. No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard. C. Don’t forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.

D. Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says. E. Maybe you are an average student.

F. There are other methods that might help you with your studying. G. Make full use of class time to take notes of what the teacher says in class.

参：

36．A 37．F 38．B 39．E 40．G

试题分析：告诉刚上高中的学生如何适应高中生活与学习，给出了很多的建议，希望他们能有一个更容易的高中生活

36．A 根据上文提到Most teenagers look forward to the first day of high school, but still feel a little bit nervous.许多年轻人盼望着高中生活，但也有点紧张，故选A为了让高中更容易些，听从下列建议。 37．F 根据下文提到Take part in some activities that are held at the school for new students to know the school better参与学校为新生准备的活动能更好的了解这个学校，故选F在上高中之前，尽可能多了解些高中生活；

38．B 根据下文提到Buy the things suggested on your teachers’ supply lists and place your materials for each class separately买老师所罗列的你需要的必须品，准备材料，故选B准备你所需要的东西。 39．E 根据下文提到If you find you’re not doing well in a subject, make use of after-school study groups or ask your teacher to help you with your schoolwork.如果你发现你在这个科目上做不好，利用课下学习小组或问老师，故选E项。

40．G 根据上文提到Make friends and be seen at such school activities交朋友和参与学校活动，故选G加入俱乐部或其它的组织能遇到许多朋友和发展友谊。

三、 阅读理解

18. Taxpayers in America pay less in income tax than many Europeans, according to a Pew Research Center report. Belgium has the highest income tax rate, at nearly 56 percent of income, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD. Taxpayers in the U.S. pay less than 36 percent of their incomes into the national treasury. Taxes pay for services provided by the government. The U.S. ranks 25 of the 34 developed countries polled in the report.

An unmarried person with no children was used as an example in the report. In America, an unmarried person, with no children, making the average wage of $50,000 in 2014 paid 24.8 percent of their income in federal (联邦的) income tax and payroll taxes (工资税). A similar person living in Belgium would pay 42.3 percent of their income. The average among the 39 countries in the poll was 27.3 percent income tax.

South Korea and Canada had two of the lowest tax rates. The tax rate in South Korea for a married couple with two children is between 10 percent and 20 percent. An unmarried person in Canada with two children has a tax rate below 10 percent.

The deadline to pay taxes in America is usually April 15. This year, the deadline is April 18. American taxpayers complain that wealthy people and large companies pay too little tax, according to a Pew Research Center poll from 2015.

Americans pay tax to fund programs like Social Security and Medicaid, according to the Pew Research Center. Last year, American taxes paid for $888 billion in Social Security benefits. Social Security pays the elderly an income after they stop working. The government also paid more than $546 billion in Medicaid and Medicare benefits. Those programs pay for health and medical care to people who cannot afford it, according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.

12. According to the article, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. South Korea has the lowest tax rate.

B. Taxpayers in America pay less in taxes than many Europeans.

C. No countries in the world have a higher income tax than that in Belgium. D. The deadline to pay taxes in America is usually between April 15 and April 18 13. The majority of people benefiting from the taxes in America are ________. A. the elderly retirees B. unmarried people C. Married couples

D. wealthy people and corporations 14. How is Passage 2 mainly developed? A. By giving descriptions B. By analyzing causes C. By describing process D. By making comparisons

15. The best title for the text might be ________. A. The Main Use of Taxes in America

B. US Taxes Low Compared to Other Countries C. Taxes in America and Taxes in Other Countries D. Taxpayers’ Complaints about Paying Too Much Tax

参：

12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B

本文介绍了美国纳税人支付所得税相对其他国家较低，比利时的税收最高，收入的百分之五十六，英国是收入的百分之三十六，韩国和加拿大有两个税配比，韩国夫妇有两个孩子是10%到20%，在加拿大未婚的人和有两个孩子低于10%．通常在美国纳税的期限是今年4月15日，最后期限是4月18日．文章就此，展开了讨论．

12. C．细节理解题．根据第一段中的信息\"Belgium has the highest income tax rate，at nearly 56 percent of income，according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development，or OECD．\"可知，Belgium的收入税最高，达到收入的将近56%．故选C．

13. A．细节理解题．根据最后一段中的信息\"Americans pay tax to fund programs like Social Security and Medicaid，according to the Pew Research Center．…Social Security pays the elderly an income after they stop working．\"可知，在美国受益于税收的大多数人为年长的退休人员．故选A．

14. D．段落结构题．该段主要内容是比较在美国和在比利时没有结婚、没有孩子的人所上交的个人收

入税，在美国是收入的24.8%，而在比利时使收入的42.3%．故选D．

15. B．标题判断题．纵观全文内容可知，本文主要介绍的是美国的税收相对其它国家相对低．故选B．

【名师点睛】

本文是一篇说明文，题目涉及细节理解题，段落结构题，标题判断题，做题时应结合文章上下文内容并根据所给选项的含义进行分析，从而得出正确答案．切记胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．

19. Loneliness hurts. It is psychologically distressing and so physically unhealthy that being lonely increases the likelihood of an earlier death by 26 percent. But psychologists think it hurts so much because, like hunger and thirst, loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.

On March 26, just as the COVID-19 pandemic gripped the world, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology posted a report on bioRxiv. It is the first study in humans to show that both loneliness and hunger share signals deep in a part of the brain that governs very basic impulses for reward and motivation. So, our need to connect is apparently as fundamental as our need to eat.

The researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare brain responses to loneliness and hunger. 40 adult participants underwent a 10-hour session depriving (剥夺) them of food and another 10-hour session denying them social contact. Both sessions served as a control (对照) condition for each other.

The social-isolation condition was challenging to arrange. Some people are lonely in a crowd, while others enjoy solitude To induce(l t)not just objective isolation but subjective feelings of loneliness, the researchers had the participants spend their time from 9 A.M. to 7 P.M. in a room at the laboratory without phones, laptops or even novels in case fictional characters provided some social support. Puzzles were allowed, as was preapproved nonfiction reading or writing.

Researchers then focused on a midbrain region called “the substantia nigra”, a center of dopamine (多巴胺) release involved with motivation and desire. The dopaminergic response shows a strong wanting. In the scanner, participants saw images of their preferred forms of social interaction and of their favorite foods, as well as a control image of flowers. It was then found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they had been deprived of. The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects’ self-reports of how hungry or lonely they were, though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.

Finally, the researchers used machine learning to confirm their findings. A software classifier trained to recognize neural patterns during fasting (斋戒) proved able to recognize similar neural patterns from the social-isolation condition even though it had never “seen” them. So there seems to be an underlying shared neural signature between the two states.

Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, an obvious next question for the work was whether different forms of social media could satisfy the need for social connection. Those researchers were never able to get

funding for such a study. But now it seems they will. 24. The report posted on March 26 ________.

A. is based on the social-isolation condition during the pandemic B. is the first study on the effect of loneliness on human beings C. reflects the similarity between loneliness and hunger D. shows human need for reward and motivation 25. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A. Why inducing feelings of loneliness was challenging B. How loneliness was created among participants C. Why participants were denied access to phones D. How researchers compared brain responses

26. We can infer that participants’ substantia nigra showed ________ response(s) to the image of flowers. A. little B. various C. strong

D. consistent

27. What does the underlined “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to? A. The neural signature. B. Fasting. C. Machine learning.

D. The classifier.

参：

24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D

这是一篇说明文。一项研究，表明孤独和饥饿都在大脑深处的一个部分共享信号，而这个部分的大脑支配着非常基本的奖励和动机冲动。所以，我们对连接的需求显然和我们对吃饭的需求一样基本。文章就这项研究是如何开展的进行了说明，以及这项发现的意义。 【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中But psychologists think it hurts so much because, like hunger and thirst, loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.可知但心理学家认为它之所以如此痛苦，是因为像饥饿和口渴一样，孤独就像一个生理上的警钟一样，给人敲响了生理上的警钟。由此可知，这份发表于3月26日的报告反映了孤独和饥饿之间的相似性。故选C。 【25题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第四段中Some people are lonely in a crowd, while others enjoy solitude To induce not just objective isolation but subjective feelings of loneliness, the researchers had the participants spend their time from 9 A.M. to 7 P.M. in a room at the laboratory without phones, laptops or even novels in case fictional characters provided some social support. Puzzles were allowed, as was preapproved nonfiction reading or writing.可知有些人在人群中是孤独的，而另一些人则喜欢孤独，为了诱发不只是客观上的

孤独感，而是主观上的孤独感，研究人员让参与者在实验室的一个房间里度过他们的时间，从早上9点到晚上7点，没有电话、笔记本电脑甚至小说，以备虚构人物提供一些社会支持。拼图是允许的，因为是预先批准的非小说阅读或写作。由此可知，第四段主旨大意是参与者之间如何产生孤独感。故选B。 【26题详解】

推理判断题。根据第五段中In the scanner, participants saw images of their preferred forms of social interaction and of their favorite foods, as well as a control image of flowers. It was then found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they had been deprived of. The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects’ self-reports of how hungry or lonely they were, though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.可知在扫描仪中，参与者看到的是他们喜欢的社交形式和他们最喜欢的食物的图像，以及鲜花的控制图像。然后发现，黑质体只对被剥夺的东西的线索作出反应。该反应的大小与受试者的自我报告的饥饿或孤独程度相关，尽管饥饿感持续较强。结合上文可知参与者是没有花的，由此可推知，参与者的黑质体对花的形象几乎没有反应。故选A。 【27题详解】

词义猜测题。根据上文A software classifier trained to recognize neural patterns during fasting proved able to recognize similar neural patterns from the social-isolation condition可知事实证明，经过训练的软件分类器能够识别禁食期间的神经模式，尽管它（软件分类器）从未“看到”过类似的神经模式，但它还是能够识别出社会隔离状态下的类似神经模式。由此可知，it指代是上文中的“软件分类器”，故选D。