数字化管理会计 DMA 官方样题

Sample DMA questions DMA-1 and DMA-2

Sep 2022

数字化管理会计（Digital Management Accounting, 以下简称DMA）由英国皇家特许管理会计师公会（Chartered Institute of Management Accountants，简称“CIMA”）携手中国国际人才交流基金会（简称“基金会”）引入中国，致力于推广数字化管理会计知识和认证体系，为我国共同培养具备全球视野、数字化思维和先进管理会计技能的国际紧缺高端人才。

Notes on the attached questions:

• There are 35 questions in total: 19 for DMA-1, and 16 for DMA-2.

• Each question is presented per page in both English and simplified Chinese. • Included are references which link the individual questions to the syllabus.

• The answer (‘key’) for each question is also provided, and will be the same for both versions

of each question.

• These questions represent the most common question format used in the DMA exams.

Though rarely, other objective, multiple-choice formats may be used on occasion.

Item #: 1 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.1.1.1.1 Key: B Which of these activities is performed by the finance function to enable the organisation to create and preserve value?

a. Financial reporting. b. Forecasting.

c. Performance management. d. Control.

财务部门为了让组织创造并保持价值进行了以下哪项活动？

a. 财务报告。 b. 预测。 c. 绩效管理。 d. 控制。

Item #: 2 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.1.1.1.1 Key: D When the finance function enables an organisation to create and preserve value, which of the activities below should it carry out?  

a. Control.

b. Performance management. c. Financial reporting.  d. Resource allocation. 

财务部门若要使组织能够创造并保持价值，应进行以下哪项活动？  

a. 控制。 b. 绩效管理。 c. 财务报告。 d. 资源分配。

Item #: 3 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.1.2.1.1 Key: D Which feature of the fourth industrial revolution is characterised by the blurring of boundaries between cyber and physical systems?   

a. Artificial intelligence. 

b. Improved asset management.  c. Employment.  d. Fusion. 

第四次工业的哪一个特征使得网络与实体系统之间的界限变得模糊？   

a. 人工智能。 b. 资产管理得到改进。 c. 就业。 d. 融合。

Item #: 4 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.1.2.1.2 Key: D GTQ company operates a chain of supermarkets and collects data when customers present their loyalty card at the checkout. The data is then immediately available for the marketing team to be able to target specific customers with bespoke offers.

Which of the following features of big data is being described in the above statement?

a. Volume. b. Veracity. c. Variety. d. Velocity.

GTQ 公司经营着一家连锁超市，会在顾客结账出示会员卡时收集数据。然后，市场营销团队可以立即获取这些数据，从而能够针对特定顾客提供定制优惠。

以上表述描述了大数据下列哪种特征？

a. 规模性。 b. 真实性。 c. 多样性。 d. 高速性。

Item #: 5 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.1.2.1.2 Key: B Which feature of Big Data considers the requirement that data which is received is fully representative of the complete data population?   

a. Volume.  b. Veracity.  c. Variety.  d. Velocity. 

大数据的哪一特征考虑了收到的数据必须完全代表整个数据群的要求？   

a. 规模性。

b. 诚实、数据真实性高（在大数据中的意思）。  c. 多样性。 d. 高速性。

Item #: 6 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.1.2.2.3 Key: B The CFO at GPX company has invested in new hardware and software to improve the department’s efficiency and effectiveness. This has resulted in significant improvements in the speed and accuracy of monthly finance reports and the audit process. However, problems have developed whereby many of the junior staff in the department are unable to manually correct errors when the systems fail. Other practical skills such as mental arithmetic without the use of technology is now lacking.   

Which of the following describes the problems junior staff are experiencing at GPX?   

a. Data visualisation.  b. Automation paradox.  c. Artificial intelligence. 

d. Corporate digital responsibility. 

GPX 公司的 CFO 投资了新的硬件和软件来提高部门的效率和效能。这极大地提高了月度财务报告和审计流程的速度和准确性。但是，出现了一些问题，导致当系统出现故障时，部门的许多初级员工无法手动更正错误。现在还缺乏其他实用技能，例如不使用任何技术进行心算。  

以下哪一项是 GPX 初级员工遇到的问题？   

a. 数据可视化。 b. 自动化悖论。 c. 人工智能。 d. 企业数字化责任。

Item #: 7 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.1.3.1.1 Key: D When purchasing an item from a supermarket, which of the following is best classed as information?

a. Date of transaction. b. Cost of item.

c. Payment method. d. Receipt for item.

在超市购物时，以下哪项最适合归类为信息？

a. 交易日期。 b. 商品成本。 c. 付款方式。 d. 商品收据。

Item #: 8 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.1.3.1.2 Key: C Sustainable inventory management systems, electronic data interchange and quality control systems can all be utilised with which of the following activities performed by the finance function?

a. Monetising data. b. Ethics of data.

c. Enhancing operational efficiency.

d. Developing customer value proposition.

财务部门可以采用可持续库存管理系统、电子数据交换和质量控制系统进行以下哪项活动？

a. 使数据货币化。 b. 数据伦理。 c. 提高运营效率。 d. 制定客户价值主张。

Item #: 9 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.2.1.3.1 Key: B GHL company makes wooden dolls which are carved by hand. Each doll requires $40 of wood, 4

labour hours at $7 per hour and the production process incurs $9 of variable overheads per doll. The fixed overheads of production are $4,000 per period during which 100 dolls were made.     

The company values its dolls using absorption costing and absorbs overheads on the basis of direct labour hours worked.   

What is the value of a doll made by GHL company?   

a. $87  b. $117  c. $77  d. $144 

GHL 公司生产手工雕刻的木制玩偶。每个玩偶需要 $40 的木材，4 个工时，每工时 $7，并且每个玩偶在生产过程中会产生 $9 的变动性制造费用。每个周期生产过程的固定性制造费用为 $4,000，

在此期间生产了 100 个玩偶。  

公司采用吸收成本法为玩偶估价，并根据直接人工工时吸收制造费用。  

GHL 公司生产的玩偶的价值是多少？   

a. $87 b. $117 c. $77 d. $144

Item #: 10 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.2.1.3.3 Key: A

Which of the following variance analysis statements is correct?

a. If costs are lower or revenues are higher than the budget, then the difference is a favourable variance.

b. If costs are higher or revenues are lower than the budget, then the difference is a favourable variance.

c. If costs are lower or revenues are higher than then budget, then the difference is an adverse variance.

d. If both costs and revenues are lower than the budget, then the difference will be an adverse variance.

以下哪项对差异分析的表述是正确的？

a. 如果成本低于预算或收入高于预算，该差异属于有利差异。 b. 如果成本高于预算或收入低于预算，该差异属于有利差异。 c. 如果成本低于预算或收入高于预算，该差异属于不利差异。 d. 如果成本和收入均低于预算，该差异属于不利差异。

Item #: 11 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.2.1.3.3 Key: D

When considering variance analysis and interpretation of the results, which of these statements is correct?

a. A labour efficiency variance can be caused by the careless handling of materials or the failure to maintain machinery in proper conditions.

b. Sales variances are used to analyse the performance of the sales function and are calculated using sales values.

c. To understand cost behaviours, it is important that all variances are investigated, and appropriate action is taken.

d. An adverse variance in one area of the organisation may be interrelated to favourable variances elsewhere.

在考虑差异分析和结果诠释时，以下哪项表述是正确的？

a. 粗心处理材料或未能在合适的条件下维护机械会造成人工效率差异。 b. 销售差异用于分析销售部门的绩效，通过销售价值来进行计算。 c. 若要了解成本性态，务必对所有差异进行调查并采取适当的行动。 d. 组织在某一方面的不利差异可能与其他方面的有利差异相关。

Item #: 12 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.2.2.3.1 Key: C Which of the following is a characteristic of entities with effective budgetary control?   

a. Lengthy reporting periods. 

b. Budget targets which are easy to achieve.  c. Reports aimed at individual managers. 

d. Budget targets which are highly challenging. 

以下哪一项是有效控制预算的实体的特征？   

a. 报告期长。 b. 预算目标易于实现。 c. 报告针对的是个别经理。 d. 预算目标极具挑战性。

Item #: 13 ID: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.2.3.1.1 Key: B DSG company is pricing a special one-off order of 1,000 units of Product B for a customer.    

What is the minimum price that DSG should charge for this order? 

a. Incremental cost of manufacture only. 

b. Incremental cost of manufacture plus any opportunity cost.  c. Variable cost of manufacture only. 

d. Variable cost of manufacture plus a proportion of fixed costs. 

DSG 公司在为某客户一次性订购 1,000 件产品 B 的特殊订单定价。  

DSG 对此订单收取的最低价格应为多少？ 

a. 仅增量制造成本。

b. 增量制造成本加上机会成本。 c. 仅变动制造成本。

d. 变动制造成本加上一定比例的固定成本。

Item #: 14 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.2.3.2.2 Key: C Which of the following is considered a relevant cost in short-term decision making?   

a. Depreciation on a new vehicle purchased for a project.  b. Site survey cost incurred before a project is commissioned. 

c. Fixed factory rental cost on new premises required for a project. 

d. Lease payments for equipment contracted for before a project is commissioned. 

以下哪一项在短期决策中被视为相关成本？   

a. 为某项目购买的新车的折旧。 b. 项目开始前产生的现场勘测费用。 c. 某项目所需的新工厂的固定工厂租金成本。

d. 项目开始前所承付的设备租金。

Item #: 15 Level: DMA-1 V1.2 component: 1.2.4.1.1 Key: B The board of RTC company is making a significant short-term decision. It has reviewed documents setting out all of the possible outcomes. The board has decided to select the option which would give RTC the highest expected value.   

Based on this information, what type of decision maker is RTC’s board? 

a. Risk seeker.  b. Risk neutral.  c. Risk averse.  d. Risk avoidant. 

RTC 公司将做出一项重大的短期决策。它审查了载明所有可能结果的文件。董事会决定选择可使 RTC 获得最高期望值的方案。  

根据上述信息，RTC 董事会属于哪种类型的决策者？ 

a. 风险偏好者。

b. 风险中性。 c. 风险厌恶。 d. 风险回避。

Item #: 16 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.1.1.2.1 Key: A Which of these is the correct sequence of how an organisation realises value as presented in the CGMA business model?  

a. 1. Define. 2. Create. 3. Deliver. 4. Capture.  b. 1. Define. 2. Capture. 3. Create. 4. Deliver.  c. 1. Create. 2. Deliver. 3. Capture. 4. Define.  d. 1. Create. 2. Define. 3. Deliver. 4. Capture. 

以下哪一项是一个组织实现 CGMA 商业模式中所呈现的价值的正确顺序？  

a. 1.定义。2. 创造。3. 传递。4. 捕捉。 b. 1.定义。2. 捕捉。3. 创造。4. 传递。 c. 1.创造。2. 传递。3. 捕捉。4. 定义。 d. 1.创造。2. 定义。3. 传递。4. 捕捉。

Item #: 17 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.1.1.2.2 Key: D GBQ company, an IT consultancy, is undertaking work to identify the stakeholders it wants to focus on and what counts as value for its different stakeholders.   

With reference to the CGMA business model, which aspect of value is GBQ focusing on?   

a. Delivering value.  b. Creating value.  c. Capturing value.  d. Defining value. 

GBQ 公司是一家 IT 咨询公司，正在开展工作来确定其需要关注的利益相关者以及对不同利益相关者来说有价值的内容。  

根据 CGMA 商业模式，GBQ 主要关注价值的哪一方面？   

a. 传递价值。  b. 创造价值。  c. 捕捉价值。 d. 定义价值。 

Item #: 18 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.1.1.2.4 Key: A

OPL, an online retailer, is exploring the alternative ways it can best communicate with its customers on the benefits from buying OPL’s product rather than those of its competitors.   

Which element of its business model is OPL currently focusing on?   

a. Delivering value. b. Defining value.  c. Creating value. d. Capturing value. 

OPL 是一家在线零售商，正在就购买 OPL 产品而非竞争对手产品的好处探索与客户沟通的其他最佳方式。  

OPL 目前主要关注其商业模式的以下哪个方面？   

a. 传递价值。 b. 定义价值。  c. 创造价值。 d. 捕捉价值。

Item #: 19 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.1.1.2.5 Key: D Which aspect of the CGMA business model should an organisation focus on when considering how best to share any value realised from its operations?   

a. Defining value.  b. Creating value.  c. Delivering value.  d. Capturing value. 

在某组织考虑如何以最佳方式分配在运营过程中实现的任何价值时，应重点考虑 CGMA 商业模式的哪一方面？   

a. 定义价值。  b. 创造价值。  c. 传递价值。  d. 捕捉价值。

Item #: 20 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.1.3.1.2 Key: B As part of the project planning phase, the project manager is currently developing a planning

document. This will include the identification of the project customers’ key outcomes, specifications and acceptance criteria.  

Which of the following plans is the project manager working on?   

a. The contingency plan.  b. The quality plan. 

c. The communication plan.  d. The resource plan. 

作为项目规划阶段的一部分，项目经理目前正在编写规划文件。文件中将包括明确的项目客户

主要结果、规格和验收标准。  

项目经理正在制定以下哪项计划？   

a. 应急计划。 b. 质量计划。 c. 沟通计划。 d. 资源计划。

Item #: 21 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.1.3.1.3 Key: D When controlling a project, which process involves tracking any changes required to documentation and ensuring only authorised documents are held?  

a. Continuous improvement.  b. Project change control.  c. Post completion audit. 

d. Configuration management. 

在控制一个项目时，哪个过程需要追踪文档需要进行的任何变更，并确保仅保留经授权的文件？  

a. 持续改进。 b. 项目变更控制。 c. 完工后审计。 d. 配置管理。

Item #: 22 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.1.3.2.2 Key: D A project team is engaged in a risk assessment process prior to the execution of a major refinery project. Part of the discussions focus on the possibility that a small number of technicians may

choose to leave before the completion of the project. This risk is assessed as being of high likelihood (probability) but low impact.   

According to the TARA framework, which type of response would be most appropriate to this risk?   

a. Transfer.  b. Avoid.  c. Accept.  d. Reduce.

某项目团队在执行某大型炼油项目之前会进行风险评估。部分讨论集中在少数技术人员可能在项目完成前选择离职的可能性上。对该风险的评估结果为可能性（概率）高但影响小。  

根据 TARA 框架，该风险最适合采取哪种应对方式？   

a. 转移。 b. 避免。 c. 接受。 d. 降低。

Item #: 23 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.2.1.1.1 Key: C A company uses activity-based costing for its products and wants to extend the principles of Activity Based Management (ABM) to improve production efficiency and reduce or eliminate non value-adding activities.

Which of the following is a value-adding activity in line with ABM methodology?

a. Storage of unsold products and spare components. b. Scrapping of defective components.

c. Redesigning products with improved functions. d. Inspection of products to ensure quality.

某公司使用作业成本法核算其产品的成本，并且希望扩展作业成本管理 (ABM) 的原则，以提高生产效率并减少或消除非增值活动。

以下哪一项是符合 ABM 法的增值活动？

a. 储存未售出的产品和备件。 b. 报废存在缺陷的组件。 c. 重新设计产品以改进其功能。 d. 对产品进行检验，以保证质量。

Item #: 24 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.2.1.1.2 Key: A A manufacturing company is implementing CGMA’s Cost Transformation Model and wants to start by engendering a cost-conscious culture.

Which of the following actions best demonstrates this element of the CGMA framework?

a. Encouraging office staff to consider whether documents can be sent by email instead of by post.

b. Purchasing raw materials at the lowest price available.

c. Outsourcing production to a country which has a lower minimum wage. d. Training some staff in the principles of Total Quality Management (TQM).

某制造公司正在实施 CGMA 的成本转换模型，并且希望从形成一种注重成本的文化开始。

以下哪项行动最能体现 CGMA 框架的这一要素？

a. 鼓励办公室员工考虑是否可以通过电子邮件来代替邮寄方式发送文件。 b. 以最低的价格采购原材料。

c. 将生产外包给最低工资标准较低的国家/地区。 d. 对部分员工进行全面质量管理 (TQM) 原则的培训。

Item #: 25 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.2.2.1.1 Key: A HTD company recently commissioned a $2,000 study of its production methods and received the report on 30 November 20X0. It has not yet paid the research company but plans to pay after six weeks in keeping with its usual policy.

Based on the report’s findings the company now plans to replace its existing production plant, which costs $20,000 per year to run. The new plant will cost $750,000 to buy on 31 December 20X0, and will incur $30,000 per year in running costs. The plant will be depreciated over 10 years.

To reflect these events correctly, what total figure should be entered into the NPV calculation for the year ended 31 December 20X1?

a. $10,000 b. $12,000 c. $30,000 d. $87,000

HTD 公司最近委托对其生产方法进行了一项价值 $2,000 的研究，并于 20X0 年 11 月 30 日收到了报告。它尚未向研究公司付款，但计划按照其惯常在六周后付款。

根据报告的结果，该公司现在计划更换其现有的生产工厂，该工厂每年的运营成本为 $20,000。

新工厂将于 20X0 年 12 月 31 日购买，价格为 $750,000，每年将产生 $30,000 的运营成本。该工厂的折旧将在 10 年以上。

为了正确反映上述事件，在截至 20X1 年 12 月 31 日的净现值 (NPV) 计算中，应输入的总数是 多少？

a. b. c. d.

$10,000 $12,000 $30,000 $87,000

Item #: 26 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.2.2.1.1 Key: A LPJ company is about to start a new project at its city factory which will require the services of a quality control expert.

The quality control expert is currently employed by the LPJ head office and is paid $36,000 a year.

The quality control expert will spend 25% of each week at the city factory checking the production quality. While the quality control expert is working at the factory, another head office employee will be paid a bonus of $200 a month to cover the quality control expert’s normal workload.

What is the relevant annual cost of using the quality control expert in the new project?

a. $2,400 b. $9,000 c. $11,400 d. $36,000

LPJ 公司即将在其城市工厂启动一个新项目，需要一位质量控制专家提供服务。

该质量控制专家目前受雇于 LPJ 总部， 年薪为 $36,000。

质量控制专家每周将花费 25% 的时间在城市工厂检查生产质量。当质量控制家在工厂工作时，会有一位总部员工负责完成质量控制专家的正常工作量，这名员工每月将获得$200 的奖金。

新项目使用质量控制专家每年所产生的相关成本是多少？

a. $2,400 b. $9,000 c. $11,400 d. $36,000

Item #: 27 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.2.2.4.2 Key: B

RJA company operates a restaurant. The restaurant serves high quality food. On weekdays the restaurant has a high occupancy of business travellers staying at nearby hotels. On weekends the restaurant has low occupancy.

RJA wants to increase the weekend occupancy levels by encouraging local residents to visit and continue to maintain high weekday occupancy.

Which of the following pricing strategies should be selected to achieve RJA’s objective?

a. Premium pricing. b. Price differentiation. c. Discount pricing. d. Price penetration.

RJA 公司经营一家餐厅。该餐厅为高档餐厅。在工作日，这家餐厅的就餐率很高，住在附近酒店的商务差旅人士会来就餐。周末，餐厅的就餐率很低。

RJA 想要通过吸引当地居民前来就餐来提高周末的就餐率，同时继续保持工作日的高就餐率。

为了实现 RJA 的目标，应选择以下哪种定价策略？

a. 溢价定价策略。 b. 价格差异化策略。 c. 折扣定价策略。 d. 价格渗透策略。

Item #: 28 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.2.3.2.2 Key: C

LTG company produces games for children and uses a Balanced Scorecard to measure performance.

One of the performance indicators is the time taken to develop the new games LTG launched during the year.

Which of these is the most appropriate category for this measure?

a. Customer indicators of performance. b. Financial indicators of performance.

c. Internal processes indicators of performance. d. Learning and growth indicators of performance.

LTG 公司生产儿童游戏，并且使用平衡计分卡来衡量绩效。

其中的一项绩效指标是本年度开发 LTG 推出的新游戏所花费的时间。

以下哪个类别最适合该指标？

a. 客户绩效指标。 b. 财务绩效指标。 c. 内部流程绩效指标。 d. 学习和成长绩效指标。

Item #: 29 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.2.3.3.1 Key: D Which of these general rules about setting a transfer price is correct?

a. All goods and services should be transferred at standard cost. b. All goods and services should be transferred at marginal cost. c. All goods and services should be transferred at market price. d. All goods and services should be transferred at opportunity cost.

关于设定转移价格的一般规则，以下哪项是正确的？

a. 所有商品和服务均应按标准成本转移。 b. 所有商品和服务均应按边际成本转移。 c. 所有商品和服务均应按市场价转移。 d. 所有商品和服务均应按机会成本转移。

Item #: 30 Level: DMA-2 V1.2 component: 2.2.3.3.2 Key: A A company is setting its transfer prices and there is a perfect external market for the product.

Which of the following statements correctly describes a feature of a perfect market?

a. The market is able to absorb all the available output.

b. A number of appropriate prices are charged for the product. c. Buying and selling costs are affordable. d. There are no production constraints.

某公司正在设定其转移价格，并且该产品有一个理想的外部市场。

以下哪项表述正确描述了理想市场的特征？

a. 市场能够吸收所有可用的产出。 b. 产品有多种合适的价格。 c. 购买和销售成本是可以承受的。 d. 没有生产。

Item #: Level: V1.2 component: Key: 31 DMA-1 1.1.2.1.2 B An employee of KPZ bank is working on a project which involves developing algorithms to detect patterns and make predictions to support investment decisions.

Which of these technologies will best support the employee in this project work?

a) Process automation. b) Machine learning. c) Blockchain.

d) Smart technology.

KPZ 银行的一名员工正在从事一个涉及开发算法的项目，以检测模式和作出预测，从而为投资决策提供支持。

以下哪种技术最能为该项目工作中的员工提供支持？

a) 过程自动化。 b) 机器学习。 c) 区块链。 d) 智能技术。

Item #: Level: V1.2 component: Key: 32 DMA-1 1.1.2.2.1 D BNZ company has hired a business consultant to analyse and review the use of digital technology within the finance function. The consultant has issued an initial report which identifies:

• There is a need for additional security of financial data.

• Colleagues are unable to work from home, or other locations, when necessary. • File sharing and version control is poor and adversely affects collaboration.

Which of the following digital technologies should be adopted to minimise these issues?

a) Data visualisation. b) Advanced analytics. c) Artificial intelligence. d) Cloud computing.

BNZ 公司聘请了一名业务顾问，旨在对数字技术在财务部门中的使用情况进行分析和审查。该顾问发布了一份初步报告，其中发现了以下情况：

• 需要加强财务数据的安全性。

• 在必要的时候，同事们不能在家或其他地方工作。 • 文件共享和版本控制做得不好，对合作造成不利影响。

公司应该采用以下哪种数字技术来最大限度地减少这些问题？

a) 数据可视化。 b) 高级分析法。 c) 人工智能。 d) 云计算。

Item #: Level: V1.2 component: Key: 33 DMA-1 1.1.2.2.1 A An audit of JHG company’s financial processes has identified that it is necessary to create digital

contracts on a distributed ledger where transactions are encrypted and shared by all parties. There is a need to ensure that the technology supporting these transactions is secure and transparent.

Which of the following digital technologies should JHG’s finance function adopt to address these shortcomings?

a) Blockchain.

b) Data visualisation. c) Cloud computing. d) Artificial intelligence.

对 JHG 公司财务流程的审计发现，有必要在已分配分类账上创建数字合同，其中，交易需要加密并由所有各方共享。有必要确保支持这些交易的技术是安全且透明的。

JHG 财务部门应该采用以下哪种数字技术来解决这些不足之处？

a) 区块链。 b) 数据可视化。 c) 云计算。 d) 人工智能。

Item #: Level: V1.2 component: Key: 34 DMA-1 1.1.3.2.2 C Which stage of the data engineering, extraction and mining (ETL)process involves ensuring that cleaned and prepared data are ready for use in a data warehouse?

a) Data profiling. b) Transformation. c) Loading. d) Extraction.

数据工程、提取和挖掘 (ETL) 过程中的哪个阶段涉及到确保在数据仓库中可以使用经过清理和准备的数据？

a) 数据剖析。 b) 数据转换。 c) 数据加载。 d) 数据提取。

Item #: Level: V1.2 component: Key: 35 DMA-2 2.1.1.1.2 C MGH is an innovative company operating in the wearable technology sector.

MGH is about to launch a new smart watch which provides complex health information to the

wearer. The health information is reliable, but MGH would like the final iteration of the watch to be less fragile. As the current watch is considered 90% ready for market, it will be launched with the plan to release a second, updated version of the watch in six months that is less fragile.    

What approach to keeping ahead of customer expectations is MGH taking?   

a) Design thinking. b) Experiential pilots. c) Prototyping.

d) Brand atomisation.  

MGH 是一家在可穿戴技术领域中运营的创新型公司。 MGH

即将推出一款新的智能手表，它可以为佩戴者提供复杂的健康信息。尽管这些健康信息十分可靠，但是，MGH 希望这款手表的最终迭代具有较低的脆弱性。由于当前的手表被认定为 90% 可以投放市场，在推出此款手表时，该公司计划在六个月内发布脆弱性较低的第二款更新版手表。

为了保持领先于客户的期望，MGH 所采取的是哪种方法？   

a) 设计思维。 b) 经验性试点。 c) 原型设计。 d) 品牌雾化。