西安交通大学研究生综合英语考试题

Test 1 Part I Vocabulary (20 points) Direction: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 1. The new subway project will greatly the journey to all parts of the city. [A] survive [B] facilitate [C] subsidize [D] extend 2. Can you ______ these letters on the edge of the paper by correction fluid? [A] protrude [B] scale [C] obliterate [D] perceive 3. How can you your rude behavior towards your parents who love you so much? [A] testify [B] unify [ C] defy [D] justify 4. He was afraid that if he mentioned the matter it would _____ his family, so he kept it secret. [A] complicate [B] implicate [C] replicate [D] duplicate 5. The government decided to _____ a protective tariff on foreign cars. [A] impact [B] improve [C] impose [D] impress 6. If we remain one people, under an efficient government, the period is not far off when we may ______ material injury from external annoyance. [A] defy [B] devote [C] decay [D] defer 7. If profits should in any field of production, the resulting increase in output would cause price declines. [A] shroud [B] shepherd [ C] emit [D] emerge 8. In South Africa, the notorious between the dominant minority white and oppressed majority black always triggers the social upheaval. [A] animosity [B] gaiety [C] immensity [D] luminosity 9. The new government is now making great efforts to the policy of helping the unemployed which it has promised in the televised speech. [A] implement [B] compliment [C] imply [D] comply 10. Imagination and of a manager will help make the business a success. [A] motivation [B] innovation [C] reverberation [D] intervention 11. She continued to work in a(n) _____ spirit in spite of all difficulties. [A] culpable [B] blithe [C] catatonic [D] abstruse 12. Last year big floods hit many cities in this country because of the rainfall. [A] unearthed [B] unimagined [C] unprecedented [D] unaccepted 13. If we were not to enforce the newspapers’ promises of confidentiality, confidential sources would have no legal recourse against reporters or editors. [A] unsuitable [B] unreasonable [C] inexperienced [D] unscrupulous 14. The personnel of organs of state must accept _____ by the masses. [A] supervision [B] surveillance [C] administration [D] management 15. They decided to help the poor girl whose parents died in a car accident return to the classroom by money from the public. [A] soliciting [B] asking [ C] begging [D] pleading 第 1 页 共 11 页

16. Today, we are witnessing a genuine _____, even a merger, of astronomy and physics. [A] convergence [B] compromise [C] conflict [D] contradiction 17. The violinist's _____ has amazed audiences all over the world [A] vitality [B] vibration [ C] victory [D] virtuosity 18. Nowadays most women go to work outside home for the traditional that women’s role is at home has changed. [A] condemn [B] condition [C] conviction [D] consideration 19. That night he a plan to get rid of this old woman, whom he had every reason to believe was all that stood between him and the consummation of his designs. [A] concocted [B] concurred [C] presumed [D] hustled 20. People all over the world, old or young, male or female, help to those in Indonesia who were suffering from the tsunami. [A] adjusted [B] administered [C] adapted [D] adopted 21. Larger companies usually have larger facilities for development and expansion than smaller companies and are more likely to survive any large decrease in profit . [A] phantoms [B] margins [C] obscurity [D] serenity 22. Some say it is actually \"a horror movie,\" because it can make those who've had love affairs feel uneasy and even can _____ family warfare. [A] ignite [B] reduce [ C] arise [D] depress 23. He argues that if workers general training as a gift, they may also view it as a signal of commitment on the part of the employee. [A] avert [B] conceal [C] enshrine [D] perceive 24. Foreigners are amazed by the and luxury of the American way of life. [A] provision [B] haughtiness [C] affluence [D] tranquility 25. They are contaminating the minds of our young people with these _____ ideas. [A] subversive [B] hypothetical [C] illiterate [D] indivisible 26. The cost of a new house should be to the working class’ income, but the reality is house purchase has become the biggest issue in most people’s life. [A] transparent [B] proportionate [C] exclusionary [D] sagacious 27. In practice, _____ values are ignored if they are not expected to be material in amount. [A] abstruse [B] intrinsic [C] residual [D] divergent 28. It is extremely important for a party to know how to enhance its art of leadership and how to raise its capacity to resist corruption, prevent and withstand risks. [A] declination [B] elevation [C] repercussion [ D] degeneration 29. The union leaders are trying to _____their demands to the employer. [A] dictate [B] falsify [C] encompass [D] mitigate 30. This year saw the publication of a rich of realistic fictions for children aged 8~12 and older. [A] assortive [B] catalogic [ C] assortment [D] catalog 31. The reporter could not get to see the Queen, so he made up a completely interview with her. [A] compact [B] monumental [C] cautious [D] bogus 32. Robinson found many savages on this island. They were seen warring, and eating each other, and sacrificing one another by thousands to their gods. 第 2 页 共 11 页

[A] slaying [B] halving [C] tangling [D] diverting 33. It must have been a very _____ task to build the pyramids. [A] arduous [B] culpable [C] plausible [D] pedantic 34. There is a similarity about all these tales. They're so _____, and all about talented scholars and lovely ladies. [A] rigid [B] muddleheaded [C] stereotyped [D] plenipotentiary 35. When he was twelve he became almost _____ interested in clocks and watches. [A] flaccidly [B] instinctively [C] simultaneously [ D] obsessively 36. Information system security is responsible for the and safety of system resources and activities. [A] integrity [B] dignity [C] pomposity [D] humbug 37. There was a _____ of panic-stricken crowd from the burning hotel. [A] luminosity [B] stampede [C] gaiety [D] prevalence 38. The boy idles away his school time and does not _______ his parents’ expectation. [A] live up to [B] refer to [C] adhere to [D] yield to 39. __________ rain, the football match will be postponed till next weekend. [A] In spite of [B] Instead of [C] In the event of [D] In light of 40. The new-appointed manager _______ some good ideas for the product promotion. [A] pick up [B] integrate into [C] came up with [D] identify with Part II Error Identification (20 points) Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. 41. Thus, it has to be made clear that many of the employees did not have a direct duty with the A B testing departments and with the parts that eventually failed. C D 42. Now your country has known more millennia than United States has known centuries. A B C D 43. What is missed in all this is consideration of what’s in the interests of the cloned child. A B C D 44. It seems to me simplicity is about the most difficult thing to achieve between scholarship and A B C D writing. 45. The last thing we need most of is less conscience.. A B C D 46. If new information should require modification of the Big Bang theory, that modification A could be accomplished without the entire temple of knowledge collapsed. B C D 47. If guilt is a struggle between our acceptance of shoulds and shoulds-not, it is a powerful and 第 3 页 共 11 页

A B C intensely human one. D 48. A number of theologians concur that the apparent convergence of religious and scientific A versions of the creation is a coincidence in which no profound meaning can be extracted. B C D 49. In that sense guilt is the great civilizer, the internal commandment that help us choose to be A B kind to each other rather than to join in a stampede of me-firsts. C D 50. Although both privacy and property are rooted deep in humanity’s evolutionary past, they A B are variables, and societal normal change. C D 51. The term Asian-American covers a variety of national, cultural or religious heritages. A B C D 52. Send these people to a conference on the eve of a great war, and see if they can start a A B C European war, how hard they try. D 53. It is taken for granted that the production and sale of drug will be regulated by governments, A B C but this was not always the case. D 54. Now, if that is true, there are many days in the United States that the president has more A B C friends than anyone else in America. D 55. Seismic readouts are carefully monitoring by seismologists, who are always on the lookout for A B C the next big earthquake. D 56. Mr. Copper was offered a ten percentage discount as he paid for his order by cash. A B C D 57. The Committee adopted a resolution requiring the seven automakers selling the most cars in A B the state make 2 percent of those vehicles emissions-free by 2010. C D 58. Senior member of the committee was authorized to act for the chairman during his absence. A B C D 59. It is demanded that every member in the company informs himself of these rules. A B C D 60. I wanted to hold the meeting today, but in the light of the changed circumstances it had better 第 4 页 共 11 页

A B C been postponed. D Part Ⅲ Cloze ( 20 points) Direction: Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet. The classic sociological theory of privacy asserts two main principles that are relevant to current information debates. First, private relations between individuals are not merely a 61__ luxury but the very basis of all societies. Thus, surveillance of citizens 62 the name of national security undermines the very society it was intended to protect. Second, privacy and its violation are inescapably issues of power, with power 63 as the ability to defend one's own privacy while being able to invade the privacy of others. , citizens' privacy is violated by government surveillance, 65 the information is kept confidential afterward by the agencies. Computer scientists have begun to develop systems that would 66 people's information privacy. For example, the World Wide Web consortium, which is the chief forum 67 development of Web standards, has launched the Platform for Privacy Preferences, which automatically manages personal information when interacting 68 Web sites, following the explicit wishes of the 69 . Ethically informed research can be 70 for design and implementation of information systems. Data mining, for example, can be used in non-controversial situations like intrusion detection, when you need to defend your own data 71 attack from outside. But it can also be used aggressively to sift through vast troves of data, pulled together via the Net in a process called data fusion, in a way that 72 the privacy of law-abiding citizens 73 hunting for a few criminals or terrorists. In its recent report, Information Technology for Counterterrorism, the National Research Council blithely suggests that all airport security baggage x-ray machines __74_ their pictures to a 75 computer network that would monitor the collective movements of terrorists boarding different airplanes in different cities, 76 spying on everybody else who flies. Proper sociotechnical design could 77 the harm. 78 , an automatic data-mining system could seek patterns of suspicious behavior, without allowing any human being to see the data. Then, specially sworn court officials 79 carefully examine the suspicious cases, 80 reporting to law enforcement only those few that met statutory definitions of probable cause. 61. [A] personal [B] public [C] social [D] individual 62. [A] by [B] on [C] in [D] for 63. [A] described [B] regarded [C] believed [D] defined . [A] However [B] But [C] Thus [D] What’s more 65. [A] and [B] even if [C] yet [D] so 66. [A] explore [B] defend [C] record [D] analyze 67. [A] for [B] of [C] in [D] to 68. [A] between [B] on [C] over [D] with 69. [A] scientists [B] experts [C] user [D] manager 第 5 页 共 11 页

70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. [A] [A] [A] [A] [A] [A] [A] [A] [A] [A] [A] unique from protects while would send unified deliberately stop Therefore could then [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] [B] expensive against distinguishes in could send different theoretically limit Furthermore would when [C] [C] [C] [C] [C] [C] [C] [C] [C] [C] [C] valuable in breaks as would have sent separate effectively cancel For example should after [D] [D] [D] [D] [D] [D] [D] [D] [D] [D] [D] troublesome during violates for could have sent connected incidentally postpone However must before Part Ⅳ Reading comprehension (40 points) Direction: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Of each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage 1 Question 81 to 85 are based on the following passage: To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase. This concept does not imply that business is benevolent(慈善的) or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction —— the firm and the customer —— and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside new. King Customer ruled! 81. The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence,____. [A] the practice of turning goods into money [B] making goods available for purchase 第 6 页 共 11 页

[C] the customer-centered approach [D] a form of persuasive salesmanship 82. What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted? [A] The needs of the market. [B] The efficiency of production. [C] The satisfaction of the user. [D] The preferences of the dealer. 83. According to the passage, “to move as much of these goods as possible”(Lines 3, Para. 1) means ____.  [A] to sell the largest possible amount of goods [B] to transport goods as efficiently as possible [C] to dispose of these goods in large quantities [D] to redesign these goods for large-scale production 84. What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate? [A] Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people. [B] It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public. [C] Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please. [D] Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer. 85. In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on____. [A] its main characteristic [B] its social impact [C] its possible consequence [D] its theoretical basis Question 86 to 90 are based on the following passage: Cars account for half the oil consumed in the U.S., about half the urban pollution and one fourth the greenhouse gases.They take a similar toll of (损耗) resources in other industrial nations and in the cities of the developing world. As vehicle use continues to increase in the coming decade, the U.S. and other countries will have to deal with these issues or else face unacceptable economic, health related and political costs. It is unlikely that oil prices will remain at their current low level or that other nations will accept a large and growing U.S. contribution to global climatic change. Policymakers and industry have four options: reduce vehicle use, increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions of conventional gasoline powered vehicles, switch to less harmful fuels, or find less polluting driving systems. The last of these — in particular the introduction of vehicles powered by electricity — is ultimately the only sustainable option. The other alternatives are attractive in theory but in practice are either impractical or offer only marginal improvements. For example, reduced vehicle use could solve traffic problems and a host of social and environmental problems, but evidence from around the world suggests that it is very difficult to make people give up their cars to any significant extent. In the U.S., mass transit ridership and carpooling(合伙用车) have declined since World War Ⅱ. Even in western Europe, with fuel prices averaging more than $1 a liter (about $4 a gallon) and with easily accessible mass transit and dense populations, cars still account for 80 percent of all passenger travel. 第 7 页 共 11 页

Improved energy efficiency is also appealing, but automotive fuel economy has barely made any progress in 10 years. Alternative fuels such as natural gas, burned in internal combustion engines, could be introduced at relatively low cost, but they would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhouse emissions (especially because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars every year to develop less polluting types of gasoline). 86. From the passage we know that the increased use of cars will ____. [A]consume half of the oil produced in the world [B]have serious consequences for the wellbeing of all nations [C]widen the gap between the developed and developing countries [D]impose an intolerable economic burden on residents of large cities 87. The U.S. has to deal with the problems arising from vehicle use because ____. [A]most Americans are reluctant to switch to public transportation systems [B]the present level of oil prices is considered unacceptable [C]the other countries will protest its increasing greenhouse emissions [D]it should take a lead in conserving natural resources 88. Which of the following is the best solution to the problems mentioned in the passage? [A]The designing of highly efficient car engines. [B]A reduction of vehicle use in cities. [C]The development of electric cars. [D]The use of less polluting fuels. . Which of the following is practical but only makes a marginal contribution to solving the problem of greenhouse emissions? [A]The use of fuels other than gasoline. [B]Improved energy efficiency. [C]The introduction of less polluting driving systems. [D]Reducing car sue by capooling. 90. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? [A]The decline of public transportation accounts for increased car use in western Europe. [B]Cars are popular in western Europe even though fuel prices are fairly high. [C]The reduction of vehicle use is the only sustainable option in densely populated western Europe. [D]Western European oil companies cannot sustain the cost of developing new type fuels. Question 91 to 95 are based on the following passage: Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experience. In one study of 400 adults who had achieved distinction in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school. Few MacArthur Prize fellows, winners of the MacArthur Award for creative accomplishment, had good things to say about their precollegiate schooling if they had not been placed in advanced programs. Anecdotal reports support this. Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin, Mark Twain, Oliver Goldsmith, and William Butler Yeats all disliked school. So did Winston Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. About Oliver Goldsmith, one of his teachers remarked, \"Never was so dull a boy.\" 第 8 页 共 11 页

Often these children realize that they know more than their teachers, and their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant, inattentive, or unmotivated. Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way. But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest. Yeats described the lack of fit between his mind and school: \"Because I had found it difficult to attend to anything less interesting than my own thoughts, I was difficult to teach.\" As noted earlier, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed nonconformists. Nonconformity and stubbornness (and Yeats's level of arrogance and self-absorption) are likely to lead to Conflicts with teachers. When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers. A writing prodigy studied by David Feldman and Lynn Goldsmith was taught far more about writing by his journalist father than his English teacher. High-IQ children, in Australia studied by Miraca Gross had much more positive feelings about their families than their schools. About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say about school. They all did well in school and took honors classes when available, and some skipped grades. 91. The main point the author is making about schools is that . [A] they should enroll as many gifted students as possible [B] they should organize their classes according to the students' ability [C] they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented students [D] they should satisfy the needs of students from different family backgrounds 92. The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmith's teachers . [A] to show how poor Oliver's performance was at school [B] to illustrate the strong will of some gifted children [C] to explain how dull students can also be successful [D] to provide support for his argument 93. Pablo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children who . [A] could not cope with their studies at school successfully [B] paid no attention to their teachers in class [C] contradicted their teachers much too often [D] behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers 94. Many gifted people attributed their success . [A] less to their systematic education than to their talent [B] mainly to parental help and their education at home [C] both to school instruction and to their parents' coaching [D] more to their parents' encouragement than to school training 95. The root cause of many gifted students having bad memories of their school years is that . [A] they were seldom praised by their teachers [B] school courses failed to inspire or motivate them [C] their nonconformity brought them a lot of trouble [D] teachers were usually far stricter than their parents 第 9 页 共 11 页

Question 96 to 100 are based on the following passage: In the villages of the English countryside there are still people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their doors. There simply wasn’t any crime to worry about. Amazingly, these happy times appear still to be with us in the world’s biggest community. A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors. SATAN can try out a variety of well-known hacking tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in. Farmer has made the program publicly available, amid much criticism. A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle. But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert the public to poor security and, so far, events have proved him right. SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new disorder. So is the Net becoming more secure? Far from it. In the early days, when you visited a Web site your browser simply looked at the content. Now the Web is full of tiny programs that automatically download when you look at a Web page, and run on your own machine. These programs could, if their authors wished, do all kinds of nasty things to your computer. At the same time, the Net is increasingly populated with spiders, worms, agents and other types of automated beasts designed to penetrate the sites and seek out and classify information. All these make wonderful tools for antisocial people who want to invade weak sites and cause damage. But let’s look on the bright side. Given the lack of locks, the Internet is surely the world’s biggest (almost) crime-free society. Maybe that is because hackers are fundamentally honest. Or that there currently isn’t much to steal. Or because vandalism ( 恶意破坏 ) isn’t much fun unless you have a peculiar dislike for someone. Whatever the reason, let’s enjoy it while we can. But expect it all to change, and security to become the number one issue, when the most influential inhabitants of the Net are selling services they want to be paid for.  96. By saying “... owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors” ( Para. 1), the author means that ____. [A] those happy times appear still to be with us [B] there simply wasn’t any crime to worry about [C] many sites are not well-protected [D] hackers try out tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in 97. SATAN, a program designed by Dan Farmer, can be used ____. [A] to investigate the security of Internet sites [B] to improve the security of the Internet system [C] to prevent hackers from breaking into websites [D] to download useful programs and information 98. Farmer’s program has been criticized by the public because ____. [A] it causes damage to Net browsers [B] it can break into Internet sites 第 10 页 共 11 页

[C] it can be used to cause disorder on all sites [D] it can be used by people with evil intent 99. The author’s attitude toward SATAN is ____. [A] enthusiastic [B] critical [C] positive [D] indifferent 100. The author suggests in the last paragraph that ____. [A] we should make full use of the Internet before security measures are strengthened [B] we should alert the most influential businessmen to the importance of security [C] influential businessmen should give priority to the improvement of Net security [D] net inhabitants should not let security measures affect their joy of surfing the Internet  Part I Vocabulary (20 points) 1-5 BCDBC 21-25 BADCA 6-10 ADAAB 26-30 BCDAC 11-15 BCDBA 31-35 DAACD 16-20 ADCAB 36-40 ABACC Part II Error Identification (20 points) 41-45 CCADB 46-50 DCCBD 51-55 DDBBB 56-60 BCACD Part Ⅲ Cloze ( 20 points) 61-65 ACDCB 66-70 BADCC 71-75 BDABA 76-80 DBCAD Part Ⅳ Reading comprehension (40 points) 81-85 CBADA 86-90 BCCAB 91-95 CDABB 96-100 CADCA 第 11 页 共 11 页