2020版高三英语一轮复习人教版选修8_ Unit 3 课时作业

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2018·江苏B)In the 1760s，Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consommé.Although the main attraction was the soup，Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.

Today，scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat：diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食)when their plates matched their food.When a dark－colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.

Lighting matters，too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldn't tell how much they'd had：those given extra－large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none_the_wiser —they didn't feel fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert.

Time is money，but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast－food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some Mozart(莫扎特)．When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect：diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon，or no scent.

Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables，crowding，high prices—don't necessarily.Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door，say—spent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad' tables，” given that they're profitable.As for crowds，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation，suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffet's

price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。它主要通过引入现代餐馆的鼻祖马蒂兰·罗兹制订的标准以及学者对于餐馆的研究来介绍现代餐馆在经营中影响食客消费的几个要素：视觉要素(餐具、灯光)、听觉要素(音乐)、嗅觉要素(气味)、其他要素(桌位、拥挤程度和价格)。素材旨在通过现代餐馆的经营理念，让考生了解西方现代餐馆的经营之道。

1．The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were ________.

A．not aware of eating more than usual B．not willing to share food with others C．not conscious of the food quality D．not fond of the food provided 【答案】 A 词义猜测题。

根据第三段中的“...those given extra－large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none the wiser—they didn't feel fuller...”可知，那些被给以大份饭菜的食客比其他人吃得多，但他们没觉得更饱，这说明在黑暗的就餐环境下，食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少，所以此处的none the wiser是“不清楚，不知道”之意。故选A项。

2．How could a fine dining shop make more profit? A．Playing classical music. B．Introducing lemon scent. C．Making the light brighter. D．Using plates of larger size. 【答案】 A 细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners

spent more.”可知，当演奏古典音乐而不是流行音乐的时候，食客们会花更多的钱。spent more就是对题干中make more profit的语意转化。故选A项。 3．What does the last paragraph talk about? A．Tips to attract more customers. B．Problems restaurants are faced with. C．Ways to improve restaurants' reputation. D．Common misunderstandings about restaurants. 【答案】 D 主旨大意题。

根据最后一段首句中的things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad”tables，crowding，high prices—don't necessarily可知，你可能认为会打消你消费的念头的东西——位置“不好”的桌位、拥挤和价格高——未必如此(指在某些人看来，这些不利因素未必不会带来利润的增加)。由此可知，作者认为这些对于餐馆的常见的观点是一种误解，故选D项。

B

(2019·郑州模拟) Best Inventions Sun Power

People who buy solar panels (嵌板)for their home hope to help the environment and save some money.But they end up with large metal boxes on their roof.Tesla，a car company，solved the problem.The solution is the Solar Roof.It is a series of tiles (瓦) made to look like traditional roofing material while using the power of the sun.Tesla developed it with SolarCity，a longtime provider of solar panels.It is now available to the public. Talking Tech

Echo gives users the ability to talk to their tech.Apple's Siri and Microsoft's Cortana do that too.But in many ways，Amazon's version，Alexa，which is built into Echo，is more powerful.Alexa has grown since it was put on the market in 2014，and

today，you can use it to turn on the lights，order a pizza，and more.Echo costs $ 180.Amazon recently developed a junior version，the $ 50 Echo Dot. Spin and Roll

Goodyear is reinventing the wheel.It introduced its Eagle 360 spherical tire (球形轮胎) in March,2016.The tires allow cars to move in many directions，including sideways，and at angles to handle slippery surfaces.The key is magnetic levitation (磁悬浮)．Tires are fixed to cars，but Eagle 360s float beneath them.They're meant for self－driving cars of tomorrow. Cycle Safety

Jeff Woolf had a serious bike crash.If he hadn't been wearing his helmet，he would have been badly hurt.He wondered why so many riders didn't wear helmets.That turns out it was mostly because helmets were big and hard to carry around.Woolf，an engineer，came up with Morpher.The helmet is made from interwoven plastics (交错编织的塑料)．It is strong，but it's also flexible enough to fold almost totally flat.That makes it easy to carry.Morpher is priced at $ 119.

【文章大意】 此文为应用文，文章主要介绍了四项新发明。 4．What can we know about the Solar Roof? A．It is designed for cars. B．It is currently on the market. C．It is costly but energy－saving. D．It consists of large metal boxes.

【答案】 B 细节理解题。根据第一段It is now available to the public.可知solar roof 已经上市，被公众使用，所以B正确。 5．What can users do with their Alexa? A．Chat with their friends. B．Control their tech through voice. C．Reduce noise in their home.

D．Save money on their purchases.

【答案】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段and today，you can use it to turn on the lights，order a pizza，and more.可知我们可以利用Alexa来开灯，点外卖等，即利用声音操控高科技。

6．What do we know about the Eagle 360? A．It is fastened to cars. B．It is a self－driving system. C．It is environmentally－friendly. D．It is intended for autonomous cars.

【答案】 D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句话They're meant for self－driving cars of tomorrow.可知这种轮胎是为无人驾驶汽车准备的，所以D正确。 7．What is good about Morpher? A．It prevents bike crashes. B．It is conveniently foldable. C．It can be bought worldwide. D．It is cheaper than traditional helmets.

【答案】 B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段It is strong，but it's also flexible enough to fold almost totally flat.That makes it easy to carry.可知Morpher，可弯曲，容易折叠，容易携带，所以B正确。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五

(2016·课标卷Ⅲ)Everyone knows that fish is good for health.__1__ But it seems that many people don't cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying，storing，and cooking fish isn't difficult.__2__ This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.__3__ Fresh fish should smell sweet：you should feel that you're standing at the ocean's edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn't fresh.__4__ When you have bought a fish and arrive home，you'd better store the

fish in the refrigerator if you don't cook it immediately，but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isn't as tasty as the fresh one. There are many common methods used to cook fish.__5__ First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料)．

Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then，it's ready to serve. A．Do not buy it.

B．The easiest is to steam it. C．This is how you can do it. D．It just requires a little knowledge. E．The fish will go bad within hours.

F．When buying fish，you should first smell it.

G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease. 【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，介绍了买鱼和烹饪鱼的小窍门。

1．【答案】 G 细节句。上句提到吃鱼对人的健康有益，本句是对上句的解释说明，G项符合语境，意为“人们认为鱼的脂肪有助于预防心脏病。” 2．【答案】 D 细节句。上句指出；购买、储存和烹饪鱼并不是难事。本句承接上句，D项符合语境，意为“它只需要一点儿知识”。

3．【答案】 F 主旨句。下文指出了新鲜的鱼和不新鲜的鱼都有什么气味，由此可判断F项为主题句，意为“买鱼时应该先闻闻味道”。

4．【答案】 A 细节句。上句指出有腥味或者味儿很大的不新鲜，本句承接上句，指出不要购买这样的鱼，故A项正确。

5．【答案】 B 过渡句。上文指出做鱼的方法有很多种，根据下文出现的steam可知此处讲述了清蒸的方法，故B项正确，意为“最简单的方法就是清蒸”。

Ⅲ.短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用(\\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

(2018·太原市高三第二学段测评)One year ago，I had a special English lesson hold at the railway station.It was quite different from the regular English classes we were familiar to，for we had no textbooks，no blackboard or no fixed seats. Gathering at the entrance of the station，we told to collect as many English words and sentences as possible here.Curious and excited，we walked around the station and looked everywhere，search for any information in English.Whenever an English word comes into sight，the class would burst into the cheers as if we had discovered a new world.With the Chinese translation and vividly pictures，we could figure out its meaning with ease.

Now，this unforgettable lesson still encourages me to be an active learner where I go.

【答案】 第一句：hold→held 第二句：to→with; or→and 第三句：we后加were; here→there 第四句：search→searching

第五句：comes→came; 去掉第二个the 第六句：vividly→vivid 第七句：where→wherever