4 方式副词

方式副词

很多方式副词是在形容词的后面加ly构成的，如： slow- slowly wonderful- wonderfully

有些副词与形容词同形， 如：fast, early, late, high, hard, straight等

方式副词修饰不及物动词时放在被修饰词之后，修饰及物动词时，放在被修饰的动词之前或宾词之后，如宾语较长，也可把副词放在动词与宾语之间。如：

He works hard.

He speaks English very well．

Mr Wang wrote carefully some letters to his friends．

注：有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以 ly结尾，但它们的含义是不同的．如：

l）close接近地 closely仔细地，密切地

2）free免费地 freely自由地，无拘束地

3）hard努力地 hardly几乎不

4）late晚，迟 lately近来

5）most极，非常 mostly主要地

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6）high高 highly高度地，非常地

7）near邻近 nearly几乎

选择题

（ ）1. --- Mum, the Chinese medicine tastes so ______ that I don’t want to take it.

--- But, dear, it is good for you.

A. good B. terribly C. terrible D. well

（ ）2. --- I think we should keep _______ in the reading-room. --- You are right.

A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly

（ ）3. --- How was the old woman this morning? --- She looked _______.

A. be happy B. happily C. happy D. to be happily

（ ）4. Travelling by train is _______ cheaper and _______ enjoyable than by air.

A. more; much more B. quite; much too C. very; very much D. much; far more

（ ）5. This kind of skirt looks _______ and sells _______.

A. nice; well B. nice; good C. well; well D. good; nice

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（ ）6. --- Look at the picture. How’s the weather? --- It’s _______.

A. sunny B. windy C. wet D. warm

（ ）7. In the exam, the _______ you are, the ______ mistakes you’ll make.

A. carefully, little B. more carefully, fewest C. more careful, fewer D. more careful, less

（ ）8. --- That man is driving _______. We must stop him at once. --- OK. Let’s call the police.

A. careful B. carefully C. dangerous D. dangerously

（ ）9. --- How do you write with your new pen? --- _______.

A. Quickly and neatly B. Quick and neat C. Quick and neatly D. Quickly and neat

（ ）10. It is _______ to work out this problem. You needn’t go to ask the teacher.

A. enough easy B. easily enough C. easy enough D. very easily

（ ） 11. They all looked _______ at the teacher and felt quite _______.

A. sad; sad B. sadly; sadly C. sad; sadly D. sadly; sad

（ ） 12. --- It’s _______ nice of you to help me. --- That’s all right.

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A. true B. truly C. real D. really

（ ）13. Cathy did quite _______ in the English competition, but Jenny did even _______.

A. better; well B. well; well C. well; better D. better; better

（ ）14. The plane got back to the airport and landed _______.

A. safe B. lively C. safety D. safely

（ ）15. _______ the young man is running!

A. How fast B. How quick C. How fastly D. What quickly

（ ）16. My sister is good at sports. She can jump _______ than me.

A. highest B. very high C.more highly D.higher

（ ）17. People speak _______ of the film Not One Less. It is really necessary for every child to go to school.

A. loud B. loudly C. high D. highly

（ ）18. Bob never does his homework _______ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.

A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as

（ ）19. --- Can you catch what I said? --- Sorry, I can _______ understand it.

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A. almost B. hardly C. nearly D. never

动词不定式作宾语及宾语补足语

不定式作宾语

不定式作宾语有两种情况：一是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，二是“动词+疑问词 +带to的不定式”。

⑴“动词+带to的不定式”结构：常见的以不定式作宾语的动词有afford, agree, believe, decide, fail, hope, want, plan, choose, prepare, forget, remember, begin/start, learn, promise,refuse, wish等。如：

I can’t afford to buy a house.

⑵“动词+疑问代（副）词+不定式”结构：常见的有advise, decide, forget, know, learn, remember, see, tell, think, teach, wonder, understand, guess, explain等。这类疑问代（副）词what, when, which, where, how, whether等。如：

She does not know how to go there.

He will tell you when to start.

⑶在不定式作宾语时，有时我们会使用it作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面。如：

They consider it unnecessary to have classes in the evening

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不带to 的不定式

1. 表示感觉的动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, observe和have, let, make后的宾语可接不带to的不定式。如：

He noticed the man enter the room.

They made her do the work alone.

2. help后的不定式可以带to也可以不带to。如：

Can you help me（to）clean up after the meal?

作宾语补足语

表示“命令、忠告”等的动词,如:tell, ask, want, wish, allow，advise,invite,order, remind, warn, encourage等后面常接不定式作宾补;感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等和使役动词make, let, have等后接不定式作宾补时须省去to。

选择题

（ ）1. You’d better _______home now.

A. going B. go to C. to go D. go

（ ）2. Will you help me _______ these pictures?

A. put on B. to put up C. putting up D. put into

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（ ）3. On the way home we _______some water,because we were thirsty.

A. stopped and drink B. stopped drinking C. stopped to drink D. stopped for drinking

（ ）4. Why _________the teacher?

A. ask not B. not ask C. not asking D. not to ask

（ ）5. I haven’t got a chair ________.

A. to sit B. for to sit on C. to sit on D. for sitting

（ ）6. I’m hungry,get me sth. ________.

A. to eat B. eat C. eating D. for eating

（ ）7. I haven’t decided which hotel_______.

A. to stay B. is to stay in C. to stay in D. is for staying

（ ）8. The boss made workers _______14 hours a day.

A. worked B. to work C. work D. working

（ ）9. We shall have ______ after school.

A. sth. to do B. everything do C. anything to do D. nothing do

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（ ）10. The teacher let the boy_______ it again.

A. does B. did C. to do D. do

（ ）11. The young man is old enough ______ the army.

A. to join in B. joined C. join D. to join

（ ）12. Granny told her _______ the cat any more.

A. not play with B. to not play with C. not to play with D. don’t play with

（ ）13. He really doesn’t know_______ .

A. to talk about B. to talk about what C. what to talk D. what to talk about

（ ）14. Jack decided________in Beijing before May Day.

A. to reach B. to get C. to arrive D. go

（ ）15. It took me an hour _______the homework yesterday evening.

A. to do B. did C. doing D. do

（ ）16. I’m glad ________ you again.

A. to look at B. to see C. looking D. seeing

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（ ）17. Mary asked me _______for her.

A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited

（ ）18. “_______,”said the great musician.

A. Let me to hear you to play B. Let me hear you to play

C. Let me hear you play D. Let me to hear you play

（ ）19. Mother is sure _______.

A. win B. to win C. to be winning D. won

（ ）20. Mike is waiting _______the doctor.

A. to see B. for to see C. see D. for see

（ ）21. Who taught you ______ a bus.

A. driving B. to drive C. riding D. to ride

（ ）22. It’s necessary ________the book at once.

A. for him to return B. to him return C. at him to return D. to him to return

（ ）23. We find it difficult _______ the work in two hours.

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A. finishing B. to finish C. finish D. finished

（ ）24. Would you please _______ the text ?

A. read B. to read C. reading D. is reading

（ ）25. After singing a song , Mary ______ us a story.

A. went on telling B. went on to tell C. went telling D. went to tell

（ ）26. It’s very kind _______ to see me.

A. that you come B. that you will come C. for you to come D. of you to come

there be 结构与have 的区别

（一）、There be句型

1．表示：在某地有某物或某人。

2．在there be 句型中，主语是单数或不可数名词，be 动词用is ；主语是复数，be 动词用are ；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be动词的那个名词决定。如：

There is a book on the desk. There is some water in the glass.

There are three men under the tree . There is a bag, two books and three pens on the desk.

3．some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。

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4．否定句：构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not或no即可。

注: not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。如：

There are some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall. There is a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.

一般疑问句：把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。如：

There is some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?

There are some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?

特殊疑问句：

对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导，当主语是物的时候，则用what 引导。

注：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式。如：

There are many things over there. →What's over there?

There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?

对地点状语提问：则用where 引导。如：

There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?

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There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?

对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构：

How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？

How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？

5. 时态： be可以有现在时（there is/are）、过去时(there was/were)、将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)和完成时(there have/has been)；还可用there must be ,there can’t be, there used to be等。 例：

---There ______ a concert this evening. ---Yeah. Exciting news!

A. are going to be B. is going to be C. is going to have D. will have

6. 其他动词：there be 句型中有时不用动词be ，而用come , live ,stand , lie, seem to be , happen to be ,等。例： There ____ a knife and a fork on the table.

A. seems to be B. seem to be C. is seeming to be D. are

（二）、have，has

1．表示：某人或某物“拥有”什么东西，强调“所属关系”，而且某人某物作为句子的主语。

2．have用在人称I，we，you，they和复数的人或物后面。has用在人称he, she, it和单数和人或物后面。如：

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I have a daughter. He has a lucky dog.

3、否定句：在have前面加don’t 或doesn’t(第三人称单数)。如：

I have a beautiful watch. →I don’t have a beautiful watch

一般疑问句： 借助于助动词do 或does(第三人称单数)，do 或does 放在句首

He has two sisters → Does he have two sisters？

选择题

（ ）1 There _____ a lot of meat on the plate.

A is B are C am D be

（ ）2 There_____ a talk on science next week.

A will have B is gonging to be C are going to be D is going to have

（ ）3 There ____ lots of student there.

A seemed B seemed to be C be D seems

（ ）4 There____ a few great changes since you left.

A have been B been C are D can be

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（ ）5 There ____any rain for 2 months.

A have been B haven't been C has been not D hasn't been

（ ）6 ______ there any sheep on the hill?

A Is B Are C May D Must

（ ）7 The building ____ten floors.

A there is B there are C have D has

（ ）8 There _____ a pair of jeans on the bed.

A be B is C are D am

（ ）9 There ____ nothing in the box.

A is B are C have D has

（ ）10 There ___a bottle of juice and some fruit in the fridge.

A is B are C be D am

（ ）11 There ___ two pairs and an apple on the table.

A is B are C be D am

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（ ）12 There ____any desks or chairs in the room.

A is B are C isn't D aren't

（ ）13 ___the chair ____four legs?

A Is, there B Are, there C Does, have D Do, have

（ ）14 There________under the tree.

A are a basket of apples B is a basket of apples

C is a basket of apple D are a basket of apple

（ ）15 There are many children ____kites in the park.

A fly B flies C flying D flew

（ ）16 There aren't any pens in the bag,________?

A are there B aren't there C are they D aren’t they

（ ）17 _____there any news ?

A Is B Are C Were D Will

将下列句子变成否定句和一般疑问句。

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1.There is some water in the bottle.

2.There are many apples in the box.

对句子划线部分提问。

3.There are seven days in a week.

4.There are lots of books in our library.

5.There is a knife on the table.

6.There is a little milk in the glass.

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